Introduction
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a condition caused by compression of nerves, arteries, or veins between the collarbone and first rib. It can lead to pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the shoulder, arm, or hand. Physiotherapy is a key treatment approach, helping alleviate symptoms, restore function, and prevent recurrence.
1. Understanding Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Nerve Compression (Neurogenic TOS): Most common type, causing tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness.
- Vascular Compression (Venous or Arterial TOS): Causes swelling, discoloration, or coldness in the arm or hand.
Common Causes:
- Poor posture (rounded shoulders, forward head)
- Repetitive overhead movements
- Trauma or fractures of the collarbone
- Anatomical variations (extra rib or tight muscles)
2. Recognizing Symptoms
- Pain or discomfort in the neck, shoulder, or arm
- Tingling or numbness in the fingers or hand
- Weak grip strength or difficulty lifting objects
- Swelling or discoloration of the arm (vascular TOS)
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Video Reference: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Explained
3. Physiotherapy Approaches
Posture Correction
Improving posture reduces compression on nerves and vessels. Exercises include scapular retraction, chin tucks, and shoulder blade stabilization.
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Stretching Tight Muscles
- Pectoralis Stretch: Opens up chest muscles to reduce compression.
- Neck and Scalene Stretch: Reduces tension around the brachial plexus.
Video Reference: TOS Stretching Exercises
Strengthening Weak Muscles
Focus on shoulder stabilizers and upper back muscles to maintain proper alignment and prevent recurrence.
- Rows with resistance bands
- Shoulder blade squeezes
- External rotation exercises
4. Lifestyle and Ergonomic Adjustments
- Adjust workstation to reduce forward shoulder posture
- Avoid carrying heavy bags on one shoulder
- Take frequent breaks from repetitive overhead tasks
- Maintain good hydration and nutrition to support muscle function
5. When to Seek Medical Help
- Persistent pain, numbness, or weakness
- Swelling, discoloration, or coldness in the arm or hand
- Symptoms worsening despite physiotherapy
Early assessment by a physiotherapist or specialist ensures proper treatment and avoids complications.
Summary
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome can significantly impact daily life, but physiotherapy offers effective relief. By combining posture correction, stretching, strengthening, and lifestyle adjustments, most individuals can reduce symptoms, improve function, and prevent recurrence.
You can make a booking online or call us on 0478 260 200. For a limited time, we have free discovery sessions where you get assessed by our physiotherapists and given an outline of how we can help you to have full confidence in working with us. We also offer promotions that include discounted initial sessions to incentivise getting started with your rehabilitation journey.